Marcel Proust 
During a lesson in class, our professor of Italian, was released off topic and told us about Marcel Proust. Me, I go beyond what I see, I am intrigued and I approfodito the subject ... Marcel Proust
is the French writer's most translated and disseminated to the world and one of the most important European literature of 900. His life unfolds in the period between the repression of the City of Paris in the years immediately after First World War, the transformation of French society at that time, the crisis of the aristocracy and the rise of the bourgeoisie during the Third French Republic, is the work of Proust more in-depth representation of the world then. The importance of this writer, however, is linked to the expressive power of his original writing and detailed descriptions of internal processes related to memory and human emotion, the Recherche it is a journey through time and memory that runs between vice and Under
Biography
in 1873 when Marcel was 2 years, his brother Robert was born that will follow the footsteps of his father he became a doctor of success. Although throughout his life he nurtured a deep affection for his brother, there is no trace of Robert in his work. In
Recherche the two locations are superimposed, the description of the house of Aunt Leonie in Combray Illiers but corresponds to that of many situations, such as the famous kissing scene of her mother, have happened in Auteil, and the characters of grandparents and maternal great-uncles are inspired by those.
Every year, the family of Marcel took the train on Friday to spend Easter at home of his uncles. An important part of living in Illiers were walking the countryside, were essentially two, a shorter towards Meseglise, he then called the Swann's Way, and a long road of Guermantes.
Youth
In 1896, under pressure from his father, he found a job as a volunteer at the Bibliothèque Mazarine but soon got a sick leave, which was extended for several years until it was considered resigning. He continued to live in the apartment of his parents (in Boulevard Malesherbes) to death of them.
summer of 1895 he undertook the writing of a novel about the life of a young fan of literature in Paris elegant turn of the century. Published posthumously in 1952, the book, entitled Jean Santeuil the main character's name, remained unfinished. Proust evokes the Dreyfus Affair, which was a direct witness, assisting in the process. It was an early proponent of a petition in favor of the French captain accused of treason, and had to sign Anatole France
translations, articles, essays
Proust began to translate the works of Ruskin in 1900, after the death of the writer. Ruskin's work was so important for him to Proust claimed to know "by heart" about his books, including The Seven Lamps of Architecture , The Bible of Amiens and praeterita .
Since not mastered the language well English worked on a literal translation made by the mother first, then process it into refined with the help of French Marie Nordlinger, a cousin of Reynaldo Hahn. Published in 1904 The Bible of Amiens, and in 1906 Sesame et les lys . These translations were well received by critics, comeHenri Bergson, but were not successful publishing. However, important introductions to the rich and detailed notes accompanying the text (Proust had made the "pilgrimage ruskiniani" in northern France, at Amiens and especially in Venice where he went with his mother). Several other trips were made by Proust as well as a new friend, Bertrand de Salignac-Fenelon, which will give rise to the character of Saint Loup in Recherche During the translation work, Proust gradually broke away from Ruskin, to criticize the aesthetic positions. Thus began to develop his theory on art and the artist's role in society. Ruskin Proust criticizes his "aesthetic idolatry" and said that the artwork must be loved for herself and not because it is mentioned by a writer. These judgments are entrusted, in Recherche , two central characters as Swann and Charlus.
Proust suffered from his father's death (November 26, 1903) and especially the loss of her mother (September 26, 1904), which left him a long time in a state of prostration. After their death Proust chose not to receive friends at home and got into the habit of making calls and stay for weeks at the Hôtel Ritz in Place Vendôme, one of the most luxurious hotels in Paris, the hotel still retains the first floor a room devoted to Marcel Proust. Toward the novel
In recent years, in addition to writing articles gossip, born by continued attendance of the bourgeois and aristocratic salons, Proust published Pastiches of other writers, in an exercise imitation could helping him to develop a personal style. In 1908 he began to devote himself to different fragments that would later merged into the book Contre Sainte-Beuve . In a letter dated 5 or 6 May he wrote: "I have in the pipeline: / study on the nobility / a Parisian novel / essay on Charles Augustin de Sainte-Beuve and Gustave Flaubert / an essay on women / an essay on pederasty (will not be easy to edit) / A study on windows or a study on the tombstones / study on a novel. "
From these disparate materials began to take shape a narrative, whose plot was centered roughly on a sleepless narrator, who recalls how as a child at night waiting for his mother came to call in the morning. The novel would have to conclude with a critical examination of Sainte-Beuve and the refutation of his theory that to understand the work of an artist the most important tool is the biography. In the unfinished manuscript, there are many elements that correspond to parts of Search: in particular under the headings "Combray" and "A Love of Swann," the first volume, and the final section of the seventh volume.
The difficulty of finding a publisher, and a gradual change in setting of the novel, Proust led in turn to a different project, however, that it contained many of the themes and elements of the left.
The most famous work: The Recherche
In Search of Lost Time ( À la recherche du temps perdu ) is a novel written between 1908-1909 and 1922 and published over fourteen years, between 1913 and 1927, the last three volumes posthumously.
The work is divided merely for editorial purposes in seven volumes:
-
the side of Swann (1913)
-
shadow of young girls in flower (Prix Goncourt, 1919)
- The Guermantes
(1920)
-
Sodom and Gomorrah (1921-1922)
The prisoner -
(1923)
-
The fugitive or missing Albertine (1925)
-
Time Regained (1927)
In the side of Swann Proust posted a true "novel in the novel with the title A Love of Swann .
Started in 1909, the novel In Search of Lost Time was developed during years of voluntary imprisonment in the house of Boulevard Haussmann, where Proust, whose health had worsened already poor, worked at night, writing in bed in the room lined with cork insulation noise. This is now reproduced in the Carnavalet Museum in Paris.
The first volume, Du côté de chez Swann ( the side of Swann ) was rejected by the publisher Gallimard on the advice of André Gide, and was published by Grasset at the expense of the author (1913) . On May 30, 1914, in a plane crash, Proust lost companion and secretary, Alfred Agostinelli. The pain of this loss is reflected in a few pages of search .
Editions Gallimard accepted the second volume, À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs ( shadow of young girls in flower), which earned Proust in 1919 the Prix Goncourt. He received many letters of congratulations and it was decided to leave home to attend the personalities in the post-war Paris. In August 1920 they released their third volume, the first part of Le côté de Guermantes ( The Guermantes ), and in 1921 the second part together with the first part of the fourth volume, et Gomorrha Sodome (Sodom and Gomorrah). His health deteriorated rapidly, but Proust did not stop work on the subsequent volumes. In April 1922 it was published the second part of Sodome et Gomorrha .
On November 18, 1922, ill-treated for bronchitis, Marcel Proust died. He was buried in the Parisian cemetery of Père LachaiseGli last three volumes, drafts of which he had devoted himself tirelessly without completing the review, were published posthumously by his brother Robert.
Works
addition to Search famous masterpiece in the literary production of Marcel Proust to recall the two prefaces to the works of English writer John Ruskin's The Bible of Amiens (1904) and Sesame et les lys (1906)
As I wrote in previous articles, my books do not have a chronological thread. This book was written by a Nordic author. I must say that it was written really well. His name is Jostein Gardeen. From what I understand he has also written other books. One that struck me is checkmate. Chidetemi not the 'cause, but at a glance it was. I might as well just be wrong I do not know who has read it knows. Our book in question, instead talking about a little girl of 15 years into her mailbox located a few questions. Like, "Who are you?" "Where are you from?" At first it knows the sender, but then he learns and he makes them a philosophy course free of charge. So he calls it. Socrates begins with Plato and ends with bioethics. The peculiarity of this book is that everything is done in the history books and not as thoroughly described classes. I must say that in some Pounta I am a bit 'bored me, but also in the context it is interesting. With this book I discovered many things that I did not know. Unlike other books I've read, it tells a story with the truth. Maybe this child will be nn never existed, until proven otherwise I think that Freud lived and how. He also speaks of Darwin's theory, Spinoza and many other philosophers. In some chapters, puts them even compared. I reread it. Maybe when I have time I reopen that book. 
